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12.4 Custodial Payment Systems

When identity and payment authorization are cryptographically unified, intermediaries become unnecessary.


Legacy Custodial Model vs PTERI

CategoryTraditional ModelProblemsPTERI Replacement
Fund ControlFunds held by intermediariesCustody riskSelf-custody
Fraud HandlingFraud detection after the factReversibility assumptionsSigned payment intent
Dispute ModelDispute-based resolutionOperational overheadDeterministic settlement
AutomationManual review and approval layersLimited automationNative machine execution
SettlementPlatform-mediated clearingGlobal settlement frictionUTXO-based settlement on Litecoin
Identity LinkIdentity separate from payment authorizationWeak attributionIdentity and payment provably linked

Core Principle

"Identity and payment authorization are provably linked."

When payment intent is signed, custody, reversal logic, and intermediary trust are no longer required.